Tissue culture is the technique of growing cells and tissues in an artificial medium separate from the organism. Tissue culture is very important in biology due to its wide range of applications. Plant tissue culture may be used for genetic modification of a plant or simply increase its yield. the cells of the plants can be genetically altered to produce plants with desirable characteristics. Types of plant cultures are: ~Seed culture: Tissues from the plant are obtained from an in-vitro derived plant and introduced in to an artificial environment, where they get to proliferate. ~Embryo culture: Embryo culture is the type of tissue culture that involves the isolation of an embryo from a given organism for in vitro growth. ~Callus culture: This is the term used to refer to unspecialized, unorganized and a dividing mass of cells. A callus is produced when explants (cells) are cultured in an appropriate medium. ~Organ culture: involves isolating an organ (stem, root, leaf) for in vitro growth. And other types are pollen culture, anther culture, single cell culture, suspension culture, somatic embryogenesis and protoplast culture.

Sreelakshmi Sethumadhavan

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