Biosensors are classified on the basis of working principle , technique and their purpose. The various types of biosensors are enzyme-based, tissue-based, immunosensors, DNA biosensors, and thermal and piezoelectric biosensors. The first enzyme-based sensor was reported in 1967. Enzyme biosensors have been devised on immobilization methods. The commonly used enzymes for this purpose are oxidoreductases, polyphenol oxidases, peroxidases, and aminooxidases. Organelle-based sensors were made using membranes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and microsomes. However, for this type of biosensor, the stability was high, but the detection time was longer, and the specificity was reduced. Immunosensors were established on the fact that antibodies have high affinity towards their respective antigens. The DNA biosensors were devised on the property that single-strand nucleic acid molecule is able to recognize and bind to its complementary strand in a sample. Miniaturized biosensors detecting magnetic micro- and nanoparticles in microfluidic channels using the magnetoresistance are called magnetic biosensors. Thermal biosensors or calorimetric biosensors are developed by assimilating biosensor materials as mentioned before into a physical transducer. Piezoelectric biosensors are of two types: the quartz crystal microbalance and the surface acoustic wave device. Optical biosensors consist of a light source, as well as numerous optical components to generate a light beam with specific characteristics and to beeline this light to a modulating agent, a modified sensing head along with a photodetector. Please check the below presentation for detailed description.

Ridhi Kumari

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