Mughal dynasty, sometimes called Mogul in Persian, Muslim dynasty of Turkic-Mongol ancestry that governed most of northern India from the early 16th to the mid-18th centuries. After then, it existed as a much diminished and more impotent entity until the mid-nineteenth century. The Mughal dynasty was renowned for its more than two centuries of efficient dominance over most of India; for the ability of its emperors, who maintained a record of extraordinary brilliance through seven generations; and for its administrative system. Another contrast was the Mughals' endeavour, as Muslims, to merge Hindus and Muslims into a single Indian state. Much of the empire's expansion during that time period was due to India's increasing commercial and cultural engagement with the rest of the globe. The founding and spread of European and non-European commercial organisations in the subcontinent throughout the 16th and 17th century was primarily for the buying of Indian items in demand outside.

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