Edward I was Henry III's son and king of England from 1272 to 1307, during a period of increasing national consciousness in England. Against the ancient feudal nobles, he reinforced the crown and Parliament. Administrative efficiency and legal reform were particularly notable during his rule. He enacted a number of statutes that bolstered the crown's position in the feudal hierarchy. From 1307 to 1327, Edward II reigned as King of England. Despite his limited abilities, he embarked on a long and fruitless effort to enforce his authority over powerful barons. He was King Edward I's fourth son, and upon his father's death, he ascended the kingdom and promptly granted the top offices to Edward I's most renowned opponents. By bestowing the earldom of Cornwall on his frivolous favourite Piers Gaveston, he provoked the wrath of the barons.

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