The primary structure of protein is the basic level of the hierarchy and is the particular linear sequence of amino acids comprising one polypeptide chain. Quaternary structure is the next ‘step up’ between two or more polypeptide chains from the tertiary structure and is the specific spatial arrangement and interactions. There are four types of tertiary interactions: hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, and sulphur-sulphur covalent bonds. The quaternary structure refers to the number and arrangement of the protein subunits with respect to one another. Examples of proteins with quaternary structure include haemoglobin, DNA polymerase, and ion channels. The tertiary structure of a protein is the arrangement of the secondary structures into this final 3-dimensional shape. The quaternary structure of macromolecules is stabilized by the same non-covalent interactions and disulphide bonds as the tertiary structure, and can also be affected by formulation conditions.

Shivangi Ojha

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