We are amidst the pandemic and the most common word we hear nowadays is vaccination! Vaccines are produced in large scale as they need to be administered to large populations of children and adults to be effective as a public health tool. This large scale production is often a challenge. Once the antigen is developed the vaccine is formulated by adding adjuvants, stabilizers and preservatives. The role of the adjuvant is to enhance the immune response of the antigen. The stabilizers increase the storage life, and preservatives allow the use of multi dose vials. It is difficult to develop and produce combination vaccines due to the possibility of incompatibilities and interactions among the antigens and other ingredients of the vaccines. The initial production involves generation of the antigen from the microbe. For this the virus or microbe is grown either on primary cells such as chicken eggs (e.g. in influenza) or on cell lines or cultured human cells (e.g. Hepatitis A).

Ridhi Kumari

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