Indians are fortunate in that they have access to a variety of forms of mass media, including television, radio, cinema, newspapers, magazines, and Internet-based Websites/portals. Since the late 18th century, India has had a vibrant media. Changes in printing technology have enabled the localisation of newspapers across India, owing to rising literacy rates. Increased literacy rates in India's rural areas have resulted in increased investment in newspapers, and the biggest growth in circulation of newspapers has typically occurred in places where literacy is expanding rather than where economic power is increasing. People who had previously been denied civic and political involvement now have the option to do so by reading a newspaper. Kerala is an example of this. This region had some of India's highest literacy rates throughout the twentieth century. People had a strong feeling of political involvement, and newspaper readership per 1000 was significantly above the national average for India, despite Kerala's average income being lower than the national average. This demonstrates that, rather than being associated with the upper crust, newspapers are now viewed as a mass media and a means for Indian individuals to participate in national affairs.

Arsha BS

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