Optics is the department of physics that researches the properties of light. Part of this department is the study of light interactions with matter and the production of optical instruments. Optical researches usually take place in optics but encompass ultraviolet rays, infrared rays, and additional parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Most of the properties of light can be described by noble electromagnetism. However, a complete analysis using an electromagnet is difficult and impractical in most everyday applications. For this reason, in practice, modest criteria will be used. Geometric optics treats light as rays travelling in a straight line. This bend and moves from one medium to another when simulated from the surface. Physical optics uses a very comprehensive model of geometric optics, which has indescribable wave properties such as fragmentation and distortion. The wave model was formulated after the improvement of geometric optics. Nineteenth-century electromagnetic studies led to the discovery that light waves were electromagnetic waves. Some light events depend on the particle and wavelength of light. Quantum mechanics is required to clarify these. Light is thought to be made of photons due to its particle nature. Quantum optics is the science that uses quantum physics in optics. Optics have significant applications in the fields of astronomy, engineering, photography, and medicine.

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