Satellite communications are carried out by sending and receiving the signal from the receiver and transmission antenna called earth station (ES). The frequency required to send this signal into space is uplink and signal from the transponder of the satellite have downlink frequency. The signal received will be of maximum intensity, if the ES is directly under the satellite. The intensity varies with the difference in latitude and longitude of the ES. There are mainly two angles: azimuth and elevation, which when combined together are the look angles. The value varies with non-geostationary orbits, but with geostationary orbits these values remain same as they are stationery with relation to earth. These angles are very much helpful in pointing towards the satellite from the antenna of earth station. They are calculated by using the longitudinal and latitudinal position of earth station and location of satellite orbit. More detailed information is available in the PowerPoint presentation.

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