The Government of India's (GoI) role was confined to coordinating and deciding on higher education standards. Education is currently included in the so-called concurrent list, thanks to a constitutional amendment passed in 1976. That is, the GoI recommends school education policies and programmes at the national level, albeit state governments have a lot of flexibility in executing them. Policies are announced on a regular basis at the national level. The Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE), which was established in 1935, continues to play a key role in the development and oversight of educational policies and programmes.The National Council for Educational Research and Training (NCERT), which creates a National Curriculum Framework, is a national agency that plays a vital role in formulating policies and programmes. The State Council for Educational Research and Training has a counterpart in each state (SCERT). These are the organisations that primarily advise state education departments on educational methods, curricula, pedagogical systems, and evaluation methodologies. In general, the SCERTs adhere to the NCERT's criteria. The states, on the other hand, have a lot of leeway when it comes to administering the education system. In India, there are four stages of education: lower elementary (ages 6 to 10), upper primary (ages 11 and 12), high (ages 13 to 15), and higher secondary (ages 16 to 18). (17 and 18). Lower primary school is divided into five "standards," upper primary school is divided into two, high school is divided into three, and higher secondary school is divided into two. Students must acquire a common curriculum till the completion of high school (with the exception of regional variations in home tongue). At the secondary level, there is the possibility of some specialisation. Except in areas where Hindi is the native language, students are required to master three languages: English, Hindi, and their mother tongue. In India, school education is divided into three streams. Two of these are coordinated at the national level, one of which is administered by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and was designed for children of central government employees who are relocated on a regular basis and may be required to relocate anywhere in the country. In all of the country's major cities, a number of "central schools" (known as Kendriya Vidyalayas) have been established for the purpose, and they all operate on the same schedule, so that a student moving from one school to another on any given day will barely notice a difference in what is being taught. If seats are available, other children are admitted to Kendriya Vidyalayas. The NCERT has created and released textbooks for all of them. The Indian Certificate of Secondary Education is the second major system (ICSE). This appears to have begun as a substitute for the Cambridge School Certificate. The concept was first proposed in a conference in 1952, which was chaired by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the then-Minister of Education. The conference's major goal was to investigate whether the overseas Cambridge School Certificate Examination should be replaced by an All India Examination. At the completion of 10 years of schooling (after high school), both the CBSE and the ICSE councils conduct their own examinations in schools across the country that are connected with them (after higher secondary). The concept was first proposed in a conference in 1952, which was chaired by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the then-Minister of Education. The conference's major goal was to investigate whether the overseas Cambridge School Certificate Examination should be replaced by an All India Examination. At the completion of 10 years of schooling (after high school), both the CBSE and the ICSE councils conduct their own examinations in schools across the country that are connected with them (after higher secondary).

Karthika LJ

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