Behavioral endocrinology is the scientific study of the interaction between hormones and behavior. This interaction is bidirectional: hormones can affect behavior, and behavior can feedback to influence hormone concentrations. Hormones are chemical messengers released from endocrine glands that influence the nervous system to regulate the physiology and behavior of individuals. Over evolutionary time, hormones regulating physiological processes have been co-opted to influence behaviors linked to these processes. Hormones are organic chemical messengers produced and released by specialized glands called ‘endocrine glands.’ Endocrine is derived from the Greek root words endon, meaning ‘within,’ and krinein, meaning ‘to release,’ whereas the term hormone is based on the Greek word hormon, meaning ‘to excite.’ Hormones are released from these glands into the bloodstream (or the tissue fluid system in invertebrates), where they act on target organs (or tissues) generally at some distance from their origin. Hormones coordinate the physiology and behavior of an animal by regulating, integrating, and controlling its bodily function.

Ashkeen Shajahan

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