Genes in DNA are transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into a gene product called protein. Gene expression is the procedure of converting information in a gene into a functional gene product. These genetic products are originated from the coding area of the gene. Gene products are biochemical products. Although these genetically modified products are functional proteins, the genetic code that makes up non-protein but functional RNAs has also been found. Ribosomes contain functional RNAs, such as transcripted RNA (tRNA) and ribosome RNA. By assessing the products or molecules derived from gene expression, it is possible to determine how efficient a gene is. Abnormal genetic indications, such as an increase or decrease in normal levels, may be associated with the disease. For example, an increase in the activity of certain cancer genes (oncogenes) that cause cancer.

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