Tobacco use is completely detrimental to human health. Concerns about the health effects of tobacco have a long history. Tobacco smoke contains more than 70 chemicals that can cause cancer. Nicotine in tobacco is a highly addictive psychoactive drug. When smoking, nicotine causes physical and mental dependence. Cigarettes sold in underdeveloped countries have a high tar content and are less likely to be filtered, increasing the risk of tobacco-related diseases in these areas. Tobacco use is the leading cause of death globally. About half of all tobacco users die from complications of tobacco use. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that tobacco causes 6 million deaths each year of these, 600,000 are non-smokers due to passive smoking. According to a 2014 review in the New England Journal of Medicine, smoking, if current smoking practices persist, would kill approximately 1 billion people in the 21st century, half of them before the age of 70. Tobacco use leads to diseases affecting the heart, liver and lungs. Risk factors include heart attack, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (CPD) that includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis and many cancers especially lung cancer, bronchial and oral cancer, and bladder cancer. It causes peripheral arterial disease and high blood pressure. The results depend on how many years a person smokes and how long that person smokes. Starting smoking early in life and smoking high tar cigarettes increase the risk of these diseases. In addition, environmental tobacco smoke, or passive smoking, has adverse health effects in people of all ages. Inhaling secondhand smoke can lead to serious problems. Smoking adversely affects the quality of sperm and eggs. Tobacco use is an important factor in abortion in pregnant smokers, and increases the risk of other fetal health problems such as premature birth, low birth weight, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) by 1.4 to 3 times.

Nazrin Farzana

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