Humans are fully dependent on Earth's ecosystems and the services that they provide, such as food, clean water, disease regulation, climate regulation, spiritual fulfillment, and aesthetic enjoyment. For example, humans export a lot of materials from our ecosystems. The cars and planes we use for transportation have far reaching consequences for other ecosystems because they export pollutants to the atmosphere that may later enter other ecosystem. Human ecosystems are complex cybernetic systems that are increasingly being used by ecological anthropologists and other scholars to examine the ecological aspects of human communities in a way that integrates multiple factors as economics, socio-political organization, psychological factors, and physical factors. Why do ecosystems matter to human health? In a very fundamental sense, ecosystems are the planet's life-support systems - for the human spe- cies and for all other forms of life. The needs of human biology for food, water, clean air, shelter and relative climatic constancy are basic and un- alterable.

Shashank Shekhar Pathak

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