The ozone layer reduces harmful UV radiation reaching the Earth’s surface. The Ozone layer is present in Earth’s atmosphere (15-35km above Earth) in the lower portion of the stratosphere and has relatively high concentrations of ozone (O3). Ozone layer depletion is the gradual thinning of the earth’s ozone layer present in the upper atmosphere. The main cause of ozone depletion and the ozone hole is manufactured chemicals, especially manufactured halocarbon refrigerants, solvents, propellants and foam blowing agents (chlorofluorocarbons - CFCs, HCFCs and halogens). Since the early 1970’s, scientists observed reduction in stratospheric ozone and it was found more prominent in polar regions. The depletion of the ozone layer has harmful effects on the human health, animals, environment and marine life. Increase in UV-B rays causes a higher risk of skin cancer, plays a major role in malignant melanoma development, sunburns, quick ageing, eye cataracts, blindness and weakened immune system. Direct exposure to ultraviolet radiations also leads to skin and eye cancer in animals.

Priya R Nair

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