The ethical implications and applications of health-related living sciences are generally referred to as bioethics. These ramifications can be felt across the "translational pipeline" from bench to bedside. Basic scientists may face ethical dilemmas if they seek to make synthetic embryos to better understand embryonic and foetal development, but are unsure how real the embryos can be without violating moral boundaries when they are destroyed later. Depending on how widely bioethics is defined, the spectrum of subjects deemed to be under its purview varies. Bioethics is frequently used interchangeably with medical ethics or biomedical ethics. Although bioethics, and fact the entire discipline of applied ethics as now understood, is a relatively new phenomena, moral questions in medicine have been discussed since antiquity. In the early 1960s, bioethics became a separate discipline of study. It was impacted not only by discoveries in the biological sciences, particularly medicine, but also by major cultural and societal transformations occurring at the period, primarily in the West.

Sreelakshmi Sethumadhavan

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