Antipsychotics or neuroleptics are drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia, as well as other forms of psychosis. Together with anxiolytics and hypnotics, they belong to the group of psycholeptics. Antipsychotics cause psychomotor inhibition and affective indifference, which are called neuroleptic syndrome. At the cellular level, antipsychotics usually work by blocking dopamine receptors namely D2 receptors, but noradrenergic and serotonin 5HT2 blockers are increasingly being introduced into therapy. Antipsychotics belong to the "dirty" drugs because they act on a large number of different receptors, which is one of the reasons why the mechanism of their action has not been fully elucidated. The main antipsychotic effect of these drugs is achieved by blocking dopamine D2 receptors. Classical antipsychotics bind 50 times more strongly to D2 than to D1 receptors. As antipsychotics inhibit, a large number of other receptors α1 and α2 adrenergic, H1 histamine, 5-HT2 serotonin and cholinergic muscarinic receptors to different degrees, the clinical profile of individual antipsychotics also differs. This broad spectrum of action causes both therapeutic and a large number of side effects. Blockade of dopamine receptors leads to the appearance of extrapyramidal syndrome, increased prolactin secretion, disturbed diet increased food intake and akathisia. By acting on dopamine and histamine receptors, an antimetic effect is achieved prevention of vomiting. In the central nervous system, antipsychotics block the thermoregulatory center, which can lead to both hypothermia and hyperthermia, depending on the outside temperature.

Jayesh JR

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